Reporter: ESG Economy
Published: May 6, 2025, 10:11 AM
Buddha’s Birthday Lantern Events and Rituals Consider Carbon Emissions
Churches and Temples Improve Energy Efficiency and Purchase Decarbonized Products
Strong ESG Impact on Communities and Daily Lives of Citizens
On May 5, Buddha’s Birthday, temples across the country, including Jogyesa Temple, held a variety of Buddhist events such as the main celebration ceremony, lantern festivals, pagoda circumambulations, and the release of captive animals (bangsaeng). Many Buddhists spent a meaningful day reflecting on the spirit of saving all sentient beings, world peace, and respect for life.
However, despite these beautiful intentions, Buddha’s Birthday events carry several challenges when viewed from the perspective of carbon emissions.
While direct comparisons may be inappropriate, such events — including the release of fish — inevitably lead to carbon emissions. These arise from the production of Buddhist items and event materials, the electricity and heating/cooling used in temples, and the vehicles used by devotees.
Some may question how fish release causes carbon emissions, but the vehicles used by organizers and participants, the preparation of turtles and fish for release, and the broader supply chain — including food, water, oxygen supply, and fish farms — all contribute to carbon emissions. Furthermore, artificial release of organisms by humans may inadvertently damage ecosystems and biodiversity.
You might wonder whether it’s necessary to scrutinize things this deeply, but we must consider the severity of the global push to reduce carbon emissions. Human-induced carbon emissions and the resulting climate change are exacerbating natural disasters such as the wildfires, droughts, and floods that recently hit the Gyeongbuk region in March.
Religious Institutions as ESG Educational and Practical Spaces
As global efforts to reduce carbon intensify, religious facilities like churches and temples — which serve as centers for worship and community — can also become important educational and practical spaces for environmental protection and building a sustainable society.
As part of climate action, the religious community can improve the energy efficiency of buildings or install solar panels on unused roof spaces to generate renewable electricity. They can also reduce the use of printed materials like weekly bulletins and manage waste such as food scraps in an environmentally friendly manner.
Carbon footprints from vehicles used by believers can be offset through the purchase of voluntary carbon credits. Religious items can be replaced with net-zero products. Lantern festivals, for example, could use electricity backed by Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) to achieve a net-zero event. Large churches, temples, and cathedrals could even create and publish “carbon neutrality implementation reports,” much like corporations do.
Such efforts can inspire believers — as members of their communities — to actively engage in local carbon-neutral activities.
Carbon Reduction Campaign by Seven Major Religious Groups
In 2022, seven major religious groups in Korea — including Protestantism, Buddhism, Catholicism, and Confucianism — held a joint ceremony to launch a carbon neutrality campaign. Each denomination planned to hold environmental forums to address carbon neutrality in their facilities and to expand this movement into a nationwide initiative. This was a very encouraging development.
Unfortunately, efforts often remain limited to campaigns such as reducing disposable items, which fall short of achieving tangible carbon-neutral outcomes. More proactive measures are needed.
Religious institutions could provide unused spaces — such as parking lots, land, and rooftops — to help small and medium-sized enterprises struggling to secure renewable electricity under global pressures like RE100 (100% renewable energy) or CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism).
There are challenges. Installing high-efficiency energy systems or renewable energy infrastructure in religious facilities requires significant upfront investment and expertise. For smaller facilities, this can be a heavy burden. As donations from believers may not be sufficient, government support programs for building carbon-neutral infrastructure at religious sites are essential. Dispatching carbon-neutrality specialists could also be part of the solution.
When religious organizations adopt and practice carbon neutrality and ESG principles, they go beyond environmental responsibility to demonstrate social and ethical leadership. This strengthens their connection with communities and helps believers act as responsible citizens through climate action.
In the future, the leading role of religious organizations in this area will serve as a powerful example of how religion can positively influence modern society. After all, the teachings of the Buddha and Jesus ultimately call for a sustainable world and nature. We hope religion will serve as a strong driving force toward a sustainable future.
[By Park Hee-won, CEO of Net Zero Holdings Group]